The human brain consists of a network of regions that are engaged when one observes the movements and actions of other living things. All together, these regions possibly support the formation of context-dependent expectations of an agent’s goal. Context discrimination was found instead a network of other brain regions including the anterior medial prefrontal cortex (amPFC), bilateral parietal cortex, left middle temporal gyrus (L MTG) and left anterior temporal lobe (L ATL), which have been previously associated with context processing, and semantic and memory retrieval. No evidence for context discrimination was found in the pSTS. Multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to assess if these different contexts could be discriminated in the pSTS and elsewhere in the brain. Each individual’s preference and emotional state therefore created a context that informed the observer’s expectation of the individual’s choice. We presented participants with fictitious individuals who had emotion-dependent food preferences, and instructed participants to indicate which food they expected each individual to choose based on the individual’s current emotional state. The current study sought to identify regions that support the formation of these context-dependent expectations, with the pSTS being one candidate, given the consistent contextual modulation of its activity. ![]() This implies that observers use contextual information to form expectations about an agent’s goal and subsequent movements. Observing unexpected movements, as defined by the context, often elicits greater activity, particularly in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS). The human brain consists of a network of regions that are engaged when one observes the movements of others. Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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